Nestled in a small corner, Kauman Village is a treasure trove of cultural significance, featuring the bustling Mabulir library and the expansive Great Mosque, which spans an impressive 13,000 m². This village has been the birthplace of many notable Islamic figures in Indonesia.
At the end of Malioboro Road, you’ll encounter a crossroads where visitors often choose to head straight towards the Palace area, inadvertently overlooking the hidden charm of Kauman Village. If you take a right turn onto K.H. Ahmad Dahlan Street and pass through the inviting gateway on your left, you’ll discover this enchanting area.
Kauman has been home to nine ketib, or Muslim leaders, who were appointed by the kingdom to oversee religious matters. For many years, this village has been pivotal in the Islamic religious movement. It was here that the Muhammadiyah Islamic movement was founded during the struggle for independence. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan, the movement’s founder, was deeply concerned about the community’s entanglement with mystical practices. He also made significant changes, such as adjusting the direction of prayer towards Mecca to 24 degrees northwest and abolishing the tradition of holding ceremonial meals for the deceased.
As you enter Kauman Village, you’ll be greeted by an elegant archway, a hallmark of Islamic architecture influenced by Middle Eastern designs. Adorning the top of the gate is a vibrant green circle with a yellow sun radiating twelve rays, which now serves as the emblem of the Muhammadiyah organization and its affiliated institutions.
Exploring the alleys of Kauman village is best done on foot. The narrow pathways were intentionally crafted to make it challenging for vehicles to navigate, ensuring a peaceful environment for the santri (students of Islamic institutions) to focus on their studies. This design reflects the philosophy of equality in Kauman, where everyone who enters the area is expected to set aside their social status and walk.
As you stroll along the alleys, you’ll encounter a variety of buildings showcasing different architectural styles. Close to the entrance, there’s a yellow house that serves as a retail store, featuring large windows, doors, and rooms, all adorned with colorful glass that hints at European influences. If you continue to the end of the alley and take a right, you’ll spot a white house with brown window and door frames. The arched design of the upper window adds a touch of Middle Eastern influence. Directly across from it is a blue house, its roof reminiscent of the traditional Kalang house found in Kotagede.
At the end of the alley, before you make a turn, you’ll discover a monument nestled within a small garden. It bears the inscription “Syuhada bin Fisabillillah,” along with the years 1945-1948 and a list of 25 names. This monument honors the residents of Kauman who lost their lives in the fight for independence, with the term ‘syuhada’ signifying that the community regards these heroes as martyrs.
Additionally, there’s a high school in the village that has been in operation since 1919. Originally named Hooge School Muhammadiyah, it was renamed Kweek School in 1923. Founded by K.H. Ahmad Dahlan, the school was split into two in 1930: one for boys, called Mualimin, and one for girls, named Mualimat. His wife later established the Aisyah Foundation to support women’s education.
The Great Mosque is the most prominent structure within the Kauman complex. Established 16 years after the Yogyakarta Kingdom was founded, it serves as the primary mosque for the region. The mosque’s design showcases traditional Javanese architecture, crafted by Tumenggung Wiryakusuma. The entire complex spans 13,000 m² and includes the main building, a verandah, and a yard. Notably, the verandah is distinct from the main structure, featuring 36 round, plain supporting poles in the main building, while the verandah boasts 24 poles with stone bases adorned with cloud motifs.
After exploring this village, you’ll appreciate the community’s wisdom and recognize the positive impact of Islam. Notable Indonesian Islamic figures like Abdurrahman Wahid and Amien Rais once studied here. To enhance your visit, consider stopping by the Ahmad Dahlan small mosque, where Ahmad Dahlan once taught the recitation of Koranic verses and delivered sermons. Another noteworthy site is the Putri Ar Rosyad mosque, which holds the distinction of being Indonesia’s first small mosque (langgar) for women. How fascinating is that? If this piques your interest, you can make your way to the Palace complex via the village exit.